Unlike CPAP, unconsciousness and/or the inability to spontaneously ventilate are indications not contraindications to PEEP. As with CPAP COPD, heart failure, and near drowning are common indications.
INDICATIONS: PEEP is commonly used in patients who are suspected of having a pathology that predisposes their alveoli to collapse, this is generally due to a large amount of fluid in the lungs.
They are similar in that they both provide positive airway pressure to prevent alveolar collapse, PEEP at the end of expiration and CPAP during the entire respiratory cycle (CPAP incorporates PEEP). Due to the increased amount of air in the lung due to positive pressure, they both also increase lung compliance, allowing the lungs to expand and contract more easily. Positive end-expiratory pressure maintains airway pressure above atmospheric at the end of expiration.ĬPAP is used only with spontaneous respirations, whereas PEEP can be used with both mechanical ventilation and spontaneous breathing.Continuous positive airway pressure is the continuous level of airway pressure (above atmospheric) throughout the whole respiratory cycle.For this reason, many ventilators have an option to keep the airway pressurized during exhalation, this is identical to the positive pressure seen in CPAP/BPAP machines, with the exception that patients do not need to be spontaneously ventilating. A collapsed alveolus requires a significantly larger breath to reopen than a partially constricted alveoli that still has air in it.
PEEP is an intervention used to keep the alveoli open when medical conditions are present that predispose them to collapse.
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